The larger the sample size, the higher the level of confidence that any individual from the population will meet or exceed the calculated MBS. This provides an MBS that is very near the true lower limit of the population. The MBS for the entire population is then calculated by subtracting three times the standard deviation (3σ) from the mean result of the tested samples. To determine a product’s minimum breaking strength (MBS), a sample size is chosen and tested and the results analyzed. Sigma is the Greek letter used to denote standard deviation, a measure of how far a set of numbers (in this case, breaking strengths) is spread out around the mean. This would be an expensive project, and you’d end up with no useable units! The scientific solution is to use a statistical formula, referred to as three sigma (3σ). But to determine how wide that range is and, more importantly, what the lowest strength is, you would have to break every unit in the population. So a randomly selected sample from a population will perform within some range of break strengths. Yet, even with modern, high-tech alloys, two identical carabiners will break at slightly different forces. Our product offerings include millions of PowerPoint templates, diagrams, animated 3D characters and more.You might think that answering the question, “How strong is that carabiner (or other item of rescue equipment)?” would be relatively easy.

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